Titans & primordials
Kronos
KROH-nos
Also known as Cronus, Saturn
The Titan who overthrew his father, ate his own children to keep the throne, and lost it anyway.
Kronos is the youngest of the twelve Titans and the one who moves first. His father Ouranos, the sky, was imprisoning their monstrous siblings inside Gaia, the earth; Gaia made a sickle of adamant and asked her sons to act. Only Kronos would. He maimed his father and took the sky's power for himself.
Ouranos, falling, told him he would be overthrown by his own child in turn. Kronos took the warning literally and comprehensively: as each child was born to his sister-wife Rhea, he swallowed it whole. Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades and Poseidon all went the same way, alive and undigested inside him.
Rhea saved the sixth. She gave birth to Zeus in secret on Crete and handed Kronos a stone wrapped in swaddling, which he swallowed without checking. Zeus was raised hidden and came back grown, forced his father to disgorge the others, and led the ten-year war called the Titanomachy that ended with the Titans thrown into Tartarus.
There is a stranger, older Kronos underneath the child-eating one — a harvest god of a lost Golden Age, remembered in the Roman Saturnalia. The Greeks kept both and never reconciled them, which is why he reads as both a monster and a memory of better times.
The sickle is worth a second look. Hesiod specifies it is made of adamant, an unbreakable substance, and Gaia supplies it — meaning the earth arms the son against the sky. The same weapon appears again in later art as the scythe of Father Time and eventually of Death, an inheritance that runs from a Titan to a figure in a hood by way of a mistranslation.
Gods involved
Kronos: common questions
Why did Kronos eat his children?
His father Ouranos prophesied that one of his own children would overthrow him, exactly as he had overthrown Ouranos. Swallowing each newborn was his attempt to prevent it — and it failed when Rhea hid Zeus and gave him a stone instead.
Is Kronos the same as Chronos, god of time?
No, though they are frequently confused. Chronos is a personification of time; Kronos is the Titan. The similarity in name encouraged the blend, and Saturn later absorbed both associations.
Which god is your parent?
Twelve questions and the campfire decides.
Related myths
- TartarusThe pit beneath the Underworld — as far below Hades as the earth is below the sky.
- AtlasThe Titan condemned to hold up the sky — not the world, whatever the statues suggest.
- PrometheusThe Titan who stole fire for humanity and paid for it daily, forever.
- TyphonThe last child of Gaia, and the only creature that ever came close to taking Olympus from Zeus.